Intellectual Property And Copyright Property Rights Essay

Introduction When we use our mind as the intelligent humans we are, sometimes out of that comes Intellectual property. Intellectual property is an idea that was created by one with the intention to trademark, copyright or patent the creation they have made. There are many forms of intellectual property that exist ranging from artistic sides to mechanical sides and etc. With those many forms intellectual property is broken down into two factions, industrial property and copyright in which all the forms of intellectual property lye somewhere in those two factions. To understand intellectual property a little more we need too look at the two and break down the factions. Also take a look at the protection and the laws that pertain to copyright, trademarks, and patents. Discussion The term intellectual property refers to the innovations of the human mind. Intellectual property rights protect the interests of these innovators by giving them property rights attached to those ideas. The term intellectual property rights stands for these legal rights that authors, inventors, and other creators have. Intellectual property laws relate to a particular way in which ideas or information is expressed or displayed, but not the actual ideas or exact concept itself. The first use of the expression intellectual property appears to be October 1845, in Davoll vs. Brown, a patent case in Massachusetts. Justice Charles Woodbury said that only in this way can we protectShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property Rights, Copyrights, Patents, And Trade Secrets2320 Words   |  10 PagesMid-Term Exam 1. Intellectual Property Rights: Intellectual Property Rights are right for a person, company or organization to have privilege for their own ideas, plans, innovations and creativity to be protected for a certain period of time by copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets.[1] In today’s world, the new emerging technologies allow people to easily violate the intellectual property rights of others. The emerging technologies like computer and communications have made easierRead MoreLegal Protection And Intellectual Property Rights1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual property is defined in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the creation of the mind. According to WIPO the work does not have to be literary in order to be protected. Names, images, symbols, designs..etc. are all protected. Intellectual property rights are mentioned in article 27 of the universal human rights act that gives the inventors and creators to benefit from their work. Those rights are obtained through registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights. ThereRead MoreCopyrights And Other Legalities. Copyrights Are More Limited1490 Words   |  6 Pages Copyrights and Other Legalities Copyrights are more limited in scope than patents. They protect the original works of authorship, not the ideas they contain. In the United States, original works include literary, drama, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. A computer program, for example, is considered a literary work and is protected by copyright. A copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the material or perform or display it publicly. HoweverRead MoreThe Patent Law Of Taiwan1269 Words   |  6 PagesAgreement (The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), as Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (hereinafter the WTO) which came into effect in January, 1995. As a trade-off between promoting knowledge diffusion and exclusivity to use the knowledge, the patent system is part of the minimum standard established in the course of the globalization of intellectual property right (IPR). The formatio n of TRIPS also demonstrates thatRead MoreEssay on Riordan739 Words   |  3 Pageslaws pertaining to E-business that cause problems. It seems as if more and more there tend to be problems surrounding copyrights, trademarks, patent, and domain names. Litigation is one of the tools used to value the intellectual property of the client. To be able to work effectively at understanding the law one has to understand the grounds surrounding the right to property. E-business laws include; Trademark and patent laws; Consumer protection laws (if you plan to sell online goods/services);Read MoreCopyright And Copyright Of Copyright1097 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Copyright †¢ What is a copyright †¢ Protection †¢ Registration †¢ Infringement Trademarks †¢ What is a trademark †¢ Trademark registration †¢ Trademark infringement Patents †¢ What is a patent †¢ Types of patents †¢ Patent registration References Main heading: Copyright Content: A Copyright is legal protection granted to original works, however it does not cover an idea in and of itself, it only covers the expression of it in a fixed or physical form. The author has the exclusive right to reproduceRead MoreInternational Business: Adapting Products for Export1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe market. 4. Propose ways in which intellectual property piracy could be stopped permanently. I believe that it is simply not realistic to speak of eliminating all piracy, as there will always be at least a small segment of the population who can’t be deterred from stealing others’ ideas and creativity. Instead, what we can and should strive for is the reduction of piracy to the lowest levels possible; levels that will not rob authors and copyright owners of the incentive to create and distributeRead MoreCopyright And Copyright Of Copyright Essay4993 Words   |  20 Pages †¢ COPYRIGHT TRADEMARK 1. Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled I. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONVENTION/ TREATY/ AGREEMENT The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled (MVT) is the most recent expansion to the assemblage of global copyright bargains directed by WIPO. It has a reasonable compassionate and social improvementRead MoreThe Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership1439 Words   |  6 Pagesinto full blown disagreements that need immediate solution at the risk of losing what both sides have fought for. One such rift comes in the form of geographical indication (or GI, for the sake of brevity). GI, as defined by the Worldwide Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), is â€Å"a sign used on products that have specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin (â€Å"Geographical indications†)†. Despite the fact that it is commonplace in both US andRead MoreInternational Trade Law Flexibilities And Their Utilization1859 Words   |  8 PagesThirty-nine African states are in the WTO. These states have the duty to comply with the WTO treaties, which among others includes the TRIPS Agreement. The Agreement requires states to respect the rights of patent holders over their products. Accordingly, only the patent owner has an exclusive right to make, use, to offer for sale, sell, or import the product. Nevertheless, amendments to the TRIPS Agreement issued exceptions that favor the public health needs of least developed countrie s. Among

The Role of Government in Economy Free Essays

Nowadays, there are debates on how far government should interfere with the economy. Government has played an impact on the economy with the purpose to maximize the well-being of society. What governments generally do is to assure the economy grows at a steady pace, increase level of employment and stabilize the price level. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Government in Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, whether government should take active policies to interfere with economy or just let it grow naturally has raised widely discussion. This essay discusses the role of government by analyzing both thought of Keynes and Friedman and then prove the effectiveness of Friedman’s theory with historical examples. Firstly, the Great Depression of the 1930s has helped prove the importance of government’s intervention on the economy in the past. The Great Depression started with a decrease in stock prices in America and then quickly spread to most parts of the world (McElvaine, 1993, p 59). There was a tremendous decrease on the demand and global trade, followed by high unemployment rate. As a result, various measures were taken by governments worldwide in an attempt to accelerate the economy’s recovery and reduce the unemployment rate including stimulation on demand by spending much more than they took in (Fox, 2008, p 1). At the final several years of the Great Depression, Keynesian macroeconomic theory, which shows the importance of government’s role on the economy, has played an impact on interventionists’ policies. In Keynesian economics, when inefficient economic outcomes aroused from decisions of private sector, public sector needs to take active measures. By fiscal policy adjusting taxes and government spending and monetary policy which deals with the amount of money supplied and credit, government could help stabilize the economic growth rate, and then plays an impact on price level and employment rate in the process (Congdon, 2007, p 169). In the case of the Great Depression, Keynes said the low unemployment rate were the result of insufficient demand, thus intervention of government was important to run deficits, increase spending and/or cutting taxes, and so as to keep people fully employed (Aikins, 2009, p 403). However, the stagflation of 1970s has challenged Keynesian theory bringing debates on the intervention of government on the economy (Gittins, 2010, p 6). According to Bresiger (2009) it was the 1970s, economic growth was weak, resulting in rising unemployment that eventually reached double-digits. The easy-money policies, which financed huge budget deficits and were supported by political leaders, were then undertaken by the American central bank, in order to generate full employment. However, it also caused high inflation which began in late 1972 and didn’t end until the early 1980s. The great inflation, and the recession that followed, wrecked many businesses and hurt countless individuals. As Bresiger (2009) concluded in his article that before inflation returned to low single digits, another brutal policy of tight money, including the acceptance of a recession would be expected, and meanwhile the unemployment rate would exceed 10%. Given the increasing skepticism towards usefulness of fiscal policy and its multiplier effects proposed by Keynesian theory, another macroeconomic policy named monetarism chiefly proposed by Milton Friedman has attracted growing supports (Issing, 2010, p 35). It was supported by Bernhut (2003) concerning monetary policy, emphasizing on the amounts of money that government should determine to supply in circulation. The theory of monetarism puts a stress on the benefits aroused from free market economics and weaknesses associated with government intervention on the economy (Congdon, 2007, p 200). The appropriate economic role for government is to manage the amount of money in circulation, so as to influence aggregate output in the short run and finally control the level of prices and inflation rate over longer periods. Particularly during the 1980s, some of the laissez-faire thoughts proposed by Friedman including monetary policy, privatization, deregulation and taxation, were used by governments (Congdon, 2007, p 202). After analyzing the thought of both Keynes and Friedman respectively, it may be better to give a comparison on the two theories in order to see what role government should take in the economy. As Issing (2010 p 1) says in his article, after the Great Depression, there was dominant belief on the Keynesian theory. However, the lessons obtained from the stagflation of 1970s, associated with Keynesian policies, are that unrestrained and neffectively planned intervention by government could give rise to market failure and adverse economic outcome (Aikins, 2009, p 405). The weakness of Keynesian theory was supported by Callaghan who stated that cutting taxes and boosting government spending during recession would inject higher inflation rate followed by higher rate of unemployment (Issing , 2010, p 2). On the contrary, rather than regarding insufficient demand as the key factor driven the Great Depression, Friedman argued it was largely caused by the Federal Reserve reducing the money supply. In the article, Issing (2010) plays an importance on the money by illustrating that ignoring monetary factors has led to the worst crisis since the Great Depression related to the asset price bubbles. Another example which helps prove the effectiveness of monetarism was given by Congdon (2007). When Margaret Thatcher won the 1979 general election in United Kingdom, Britain had several inflation for several year, with inflation rate rarely below 10%. Even worse, the rate had reached 27% by the time of the election. Thatcher implemented monetarism to control inflation, and successfully reduced the rate to 4% at 1983. There was a global recession at that time, and Thatcher’s monetarist policies contributed to the success of fighting against the recession, meanwhile helped Britain become one of the nations which recover economic growth firstly. To sum up, this essay has examined two theories concerning about the role that government should take in economy. In Keynesian economy, fiscal policy is particularly an important tool that government should use when aggregate demand is not insufficient and keep full employment by running government deficit. Historical evidence has showed that it was not an efficient way to fight recession. Conversely the monetarism offers Keynesians a better view of monetary policy. It can be shown that the core ideology of monetarism can still work well today and monetary factors can not be neglected, thus government has a role to determine amount of money supplied as well as the volume of credit in all aspects, but not interfere with the economy unrestrainedly and ineffectively. How to cite The Role of Government in Economy, Papers

Rough Waters free essay sample

My mind was racing, as the bay had reached capacity. The water rushed into the backyard, flowing through at an alarming rate devouring all empty space. The cold, salty bay had invaded the house, filling like a reservoir before my eyes. Running on adrenaline, I quickly moved everything of importance from its path. It was useless; the water kept throwing all the objects around that were in its reach. There was no land left and even the park across the street had become a frosty, war torn ship sitting in the middle of the artic. The day was cold, and the air was brisk, rubbing against one’s face like a sand storm. It was like any other New England winter except that I was alone and the house was under siege. As the bay began to enter my basement, so did the energy inside my brain. On the other side of the door lay a backyard submerged in water that was ready to rush in. We will write a custom essay sample on Rough Waters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Promptly, I gathered the several pumps and a sheet of plywood; dancing threw the cold water as it bit into my skin. I attempted to divert the water and create a seal protecting all valuables, living and non that resided within. Most high school students desire more free will in their lives every waking moment, yet do not know what it truly entails. They have never experienced total control and responsibility. You’re under your own guidance and ingenuity; no one is around to take you by the hand or make things right. This became a shocking reality to me three winters ago, when I decided to stay home one day while my family went to visit my aunt. That day I was not only scared that the over four feet of slushy water might damage the house, but also that I would not be able to respond effectively. That day taught me what it is like to be self-reliant, to adapt, and to function as an individual. People are sure to have help in one form or another from teachers, parents, and frie nds alike. In reality though, they cannot be with you every day, help make all your choices and to bring you past all your obstacles. Nobody’s perfect, but each experience I’ve persevered through has developed me as an individual, making me prepared to wade through any challenge. College is in many ways similar. You have to be able to help yourself, think for yourself, and solve problems for yourself. If you cannot apply your knowledge and skills to the real world you have not learned anything. It is one thing to have intelligence, something anyone can achieve and still too, to have common sense, but to be able to apply these things together and be resourceful is more of a rarity. For some, college will crash upon them like a title wave overwhelming them, while others may ultimately succeed. Obstacles will always flood my path, its immensities engulfing, but I will always be ready; for once the tides recede truth will take its place.

Lord Of Flies Essays (3711 words) - Fiction, Literature,

Lord Of Flies In his classic novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding utilizes many elements of symbolism to help accomplish his motif, which is "man is basically evil." Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the conclusion of the story. As one reads this novel, he or she will begin to recognize the way basic civilization is slowly stripped away from the boys. Let us know look closer at the ways Golding uses this form of symbolism. From the very beginning of the story the boys inwardly strip themselves of the remnants of the basic civilized world. This is shown when the boys shed their clothes; their school sweaters, then the rest of their clothes are torn off. Their hair becomes increasingly disheveled, long, and entangled with small twigs. Since the boys are left without any adult supervision they have to turn to their collective unconscious. The collective unconscious was discovered by the renown psychologist Carl Jung. Let us now look further into each individual character in the novel, and discover how they each contribute to portray the ending of the story. Ralph is one of the older boys on the island and remains the leader throughout most of the novel. He is described as a pure, English lad. Such details as his fair hair and the fact that he is wearing his school sweater symbolizes many things. First of all the fact that he has fair hair represents that he will be the positive force throughout the novel, as opposed to Jack who is described as having red hair. The fact that he keeps his school sweater symbolizes his desire to keep the island somewhat civilized. He does everything he can to keep the boys under some kind of society. He makes laws including the freedom of speech. Ralph becomes very popular in the beginning, however as the novel proceeds and the society deteriorates, the popular leader is abandoned for a strong-armed dictator; Jack Merridew. The impression that we have of Jack is that he is a tall thin boy with a shock of red hair at the summit of a black cloak. Jacks appearance seems to suggest evil. Unlike Ralph who stands for common sense and a desire for normal civilized life, all Jack cares about is hunting. Because of this opposition between Jack and Ralph, Jack is Ralph's main antagonist. Symbolically Jack breaks away from good when he baptizes himself with the blood of the slaughtered pig. Jack eventually breaks away from Ralph and the others and forms his own group which will basically strive for blood. This leads to multiple murders. With the exception of Ralph, Piggy, and a few others, Jack lures the other boys to join him. According to the laws of Freudian Psychology Jacks Id has taken over. Another character portrayed in Lord of the Flies is Piggy. Piggy is the object of much mockery and is obviously a fat boy. Piggy foresees both the need for a closely watched signal fire and for secure shelters on the beach. Piggys spectacles are used to start the fire. Piggy could represent knowledge or intelligence, a figure which is often depicted as a fire-bringer. A familiar expression that can represent this is the fire of inspiration. Even though Piggy represented all good he was often jeered at. Simon is a Christ figure. He is quiet, almost unnoticed, yet he speaks wiser than the others. His wander deep into the heart of the woods in chapter three, is representative of Jesus' journey's to isolate himself to pray to his Father. As we can clearly see, William Golding has used much symbolism to help portray the ending of the novel, Lord of the Flies. A running theme in Lord of the Flies is that man is savage at heart, always ultimately reverting back to an evil and primitive nature. The cycle of man's rise to power, or righteousness, and his inevitable fall from grace is an important point that book proves again and again, often comparing man with characters from the Bible to give a more vivid picture of his descent. Lord Of The Flies symbolizes this fall in different manners, ranging from the illustration of the mentality of actual primitive man to the reflections of a corrupt seaman in purgatory. The novel is the story of a group of boys of different backgrounds who are marooned on an unknown island when their plane crashes. As the boys

Free Essays on Marx And Weber

Compare and contrast Marx and Weber During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Max Weber were two of the most influential sociologist. Both their views on the rise of capitalism have various similarities and differences. They believe that capitalism is relatively new to the modern world. Their views differ on the rise of capitalism. Regardless of Marx and Weber’s differences, both theorists agree that capitalism is a system of highly impersonal relations. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 to the father of a Jewish lawyer. As a young student Marx often read works written by Hegel. From school, Marx wrote to his father of his feelings on Hegel. He had found a disliking for those Hegelians who sought to â€Å"draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel’s philosophy† (Granat Encyclopedia, pg.153) In order to better understand the views of Marx we must look at the philosophy of Hegel. German philosophy in the nineteenth century was dominated by the ideas of Hegel. Hegel’s philosophy was based on the concept of idealism. By looking at prior philosophers one will see that Hegel’s philosophy was similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Kant was interested in the study of knowledge. Kant had argued, that ideas or concepts are apriori. Apriori ideas are one which exist before one’s knowledge of the world, that is ideas are not empirical. Hegel’s philosophy was an expansion on the philosophy of Kant. Hegel believed that apriori knowledge came from â€Å"geist† or the holy spirit. History, according to Hegel, consisted of a set of ideas or a thesis. For every thesis there was an opposite set of ideas or an antithesis. It is through this contradiction that a new set of ideas or a synthesis are born. The synthesis of the thesis and the antithesis forms Hegel’s theory of the dialectic. History was a set of arguments or a â€Å"dialectic† which would then define a new era in history. Between Hegel and Marx came Ludwig Feuer... Free Essays on Marx And Weber Free Essays on Marx And Weber Compare and contrast Marx and Weber During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Max Weber were two of the most influential sociologist. Both their views on the rise of capitalism have various similarities and differences. They believe that capitalism is relatively new to the modern world. Their views differ on the rise of capitalism. Regardless of Marx and Weber’s differences, both theorists agree that capitalism is a system of highly impersonal relations. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 to the father of a Jewish lawyer. As a young student Marx often read works written by Hegel. From school, Marx wrote to his father of his feelings on Hegel. He had found a disliking for those Hegelians who sought to â€Å"draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel’s philosophy† (Granat Encyclopedia, pg.153) In order to better understand the views of Marx we must look at the philosophy of Hegel. German philosophy in the nineteenth century was dominated by the ideas of Hegel. Hegel’s philosophy was based on the concept of idealism. By looking at prior philosophers one will see that Hegel’s philosophy was similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Kant was interested in the study of knowledge. Kant had argued, that ideas or concepts are apriori. Apriori ideas are one which exist before one’s knowledge of the world, that is ideas are not empirical. Hegel’s philosophy was an expansion on the philosophy of Kant. Hegel believed that apriori knowledge came from â€Å"geist† or the holy spirit. History, according to Hegel, consisted of a set of ideas or a thesis. For every thesis there was an opposite set of ideas or an antithesis. It is through this contradiction that a new set of ideas or a synthesis are born. The synthesis of the thesis and the antithesis forms Hegel’s theory of the dialectic. History was a set of arguments or a â€Å"dialectic† which would then define a new era in history. Between Hegel and Marx came Ludwig Feuer...

How to Identify a Pseudoscience

How to Identify a Pseudoscience A pseudoscience is a fake science that makes claims based on faulty or nonexistent scientific evidence. In most cases, these pseudosciences present claims in a way that makes them seem possible, but with little or no empirical support for these claims. Graphology, numerology, and astrology, are all examples of pseudosciences. In many cases, these pseudosciences rely on anecdotes and testimonials to back up their often outlandish claims. How to Identify Science vs. Pseudoscience If you are trying to determine if something is a pseudoscience, there are a few key things you can look for: Consider the purpose. Science is focused on helping people develop a deeper, richer and fuller understanding of the world. Pseudoscience often focuses on furthering some type of ideological agenda.Consider how challenges are dealt with. Science welcomes challenges and attempts to disprove or refute different ideas. Pseudoscience, on the other hand, tends to greet any challenges to its dogma with hostility.Look at the research. Science is supported by a deep and ever-growing body of knowledge and research. Ideas around the topic may have changed over time as new things are discovered and new research is performed. Pseudoscience tends to be fairly static. Little may have changed since the idea was first introduced and new research might not exist.Can it be proven false? Falsifiability is a key hallmark of science. This means that if something is false, researchers could prove that it was false. Many pseudoscientific claims are simply untestable, so there is no way for researchers to pr ove these claims false. Example Phrenology is a good example of how a pseudoscience can capture the public attention and become popular. According to the ideas behind phrenology, bumps on the head were thought to reveal aspects of an individuals personality and character. Physician Franz Gall first introduced the idea during the late 1700s and suggested that the bumps on a persons head corresponded to the physical features of the brains cortex. Gall studied the skulls of individuals in hospitals, prisons, and asylums and developed a system of diagnosing different characteristics based upon the bumps of a persons skull. His system included 27 faculties that he believed directly corresponded to certain parts of the head. Like other pseudosciences, Galls research methods lacked scientific rigor. Not only that, any contradictions to his claims were simply ignored. Galls ideas outlived him and grew wildly popular during the 1800s and 1900s, often as a form of popular entertainment. There were even phrenology machines that would be placed over a persons head. Spring-loaded probes would then provide a measurement of different parts of the skull and calculate the individuals characteristics. While phrenology was eventually dismissed as a pseudoscience, it did have an important influence on the development of modern neurology. Gall’s idea that certain capabilities were linked to certain parts of the brain led to a growing interest in the idea brain localization, or the notion that certain functions were linked to specific areas of the brain. Further research and observations helped researchers gain a greater understanding of how the brain is organized and the functions of different areas of the brain. Sources: Hothersall, D. (1995). History of Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Megendie, F. (1855). An elementary treatise on human physiology. Harper and Brothers. Sabbatini, R.M.E. (2002). Phrenology: The History of Brain Localization. Wixted, J. (2002). Methodology in experimental psychology. Capstone.

The Acceptance of a Multinational Philosophy of Business Research Paper

The Acceptance of a Multinational Philosophy of Business - Research Paper Example Disney should use advertising research and brand equity research, demand estimation and buyer decision research. As a basis of gaining intelligence, marketing research can be wasteful as well as useful. Besides limiting risk, marketing research is itself a genuine business risk, but one that must be undertaken. To have the best chance of success, it must be conducted by people who have a solid understanding of company needs as well as the needs of customers. It requires effective communication between top management and the research staff, and a management willing to overcome biases and predispositions in order to institute programs based on research findings (Hollensen, 2007). The utilization of computer technology, coupled with better research techniques, has greatly increased the facts available. But large masses of data can also prove to be disruptive. Managers can be inundated with facts. Marketing management is thus challenged to develop an integrated marketing information syst em to provide the intelligence and knowledge required for both short-term marketing goals and longer-range company needs, in order to eliminate unnecessary data. In addition to marketing research in any company, related manufacturers, retailers, wholesalers, marketing research agencies, advertising agencies, trade associations, governmental agencies, universities, financial institutions (including banks), and chambers of commerce all provide useful research data and information for solving marketing problems. For instance, research agencies buy the data from supermarket chains and in turn sell data on the movement of food items through chain stores and their warehouses.